前沿专利观察第009期：新材料前沿：固态电池、钙钛矿与复合结构

为什么选这些专利

本期选择标准不是随机编号，也不是标题看起来热门，而是每件专利都对应一个可被拆解的工程问题：它必须能说明一个具体痛点，并且在公开文本中给出结构、流程、材料组合、数据处理或控制策略。下面按逐件研读方式展开。

1. Solid-state interlayer for solid-state battery

代表专利：US-2023268547-A1。申请人/权利人：GM GLOBAL TECH OPERATIONS LLC (US)。优先权日：2022/02/21；公开日：2023/08/24。

它真正发现的问题

这件专利的问题落在“Solid-state interlayer for solid-state battery”对应的材料工程环节：The present disclosure provides an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions, where the electrochemical cell includes an electrode, a solid-state electrolyte layer, and a solid-state interlayer disposed between the electrode and the solid-state electrolyte layer. 研读重点是结构、组成或制备窗口如何支撑可测性能，而不是只看材料名称。

它的技术方案

公开摘要显示，方案的具体构成是：The present disclosure provides an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions, where the electrochemical cell includes an electrode, a solid-state electrolyte layer, and a solid-state interlayer disposed between the electrode and the solid-state electrolyte layer. The solid-state interlayer includes a plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles. In certain instances, the solid-state interlayer includes a plurality of through-holes dispersed therewithin. The through-holes have an average diameter between abou...

给我们的启示

启示是，电池材料布局要从材料名单转向界面、层结构、制造参数和性能测试窗口，尤其要保护那些能解释循环寿命的结构细节。

2. [Translated] A high-efficiency and low-cost perovskite solar cell and its preparation method

代表专利：CN-105826473-A。申请人/权利人：DONGGUAN LIANZHOU INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MAN CO LTD。优先权日：2016/05/12；公开日：2016/08/03。

它真正发现的问题

这件专利的问题落在“[Translated] A high-efficiency and low-cost perovskite solar cell and its preparation method”对应的材料工程环节：[Translated] The invention discloses a high-efficiency and low-cost perovskite solar cell, which includes a conductive substrate, an electron transport layer, an insulating buffer layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode. 研读重点是结构、组成或制备窗口如何支撑可测性能，而不是只看材料名称。

它的技术方案

公开摘要显示，方案的具体构成是：[Translated] The invention discloses a high-efficiency and low-cost perovskite solar cell, which includes a conductive substrate, an electron transport layer, an insulating buffer layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode. The perovskite The light-absorbing layer is prepared by a gas-assisted solution method, and the hole-transporting layer is a composite layer of copper acetylacetonate and Spiro‑OMeTAD. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the high-e...

给我们的启示

启示是，光伏材料专利要把效率、稳定性、缺陷控制和封装工艺放在一起写，才接近产业壁垒。

3. [Translated] Negative electrode materials for secondary batteries

代表专利：CN-120752757-A。申请人/权利人：POSCO SILICON SOLUTIONS CO LTD。优先权日：2023/03/10；公开日：2025/10/03。

它真正发现的问题

这件专利的问题落在“[Translated] Negative electrode materials for secondary batteries”对应的材料工程环节：[Translated] The present invention relates to a negative electrode material for a secondary battery having excellent initial charge/discharge efficiency, specifically, a negative electrode material for a secondary battery comprising a matrix, a composite oxide containing a doping element selected from one or more of silicon oxide, alkali metal and alkaline . 研读重点是结构、组成或制备窗口如何支撑可测性能，而不是只看材料名称。

它的技术方案

公开摘要显示，方案的具体构成是：[Translated] The present invention relates to a negative electrode material for a secondary battery having excellent initial charge/discharge efficiency, specifically, a negative electrode material for a secondary battery comprising a matrix, a composite oxide containing a doping element selected from one or more of silicon oxide, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal, and a transition metal group, and silicon nanocrystals dispersed and entrapped in the matrix, and in an X-ray diffraction pattern using CuK alpha r...

给我们的启示

启示是，电池材料布局要从材料名单转向界面、层结构、制造参数和性能测试窗口，尤其要保护那些能解释循环寿命的结构细节。

4. Solid-state battery and electronic device

代表专利：US-2025149754-A1。申请人/权利人：MURATA MANUFACTURING CO (JP)。优先权日：2022/07/13；公开日：2025/05/08。

它真正发现的问题

这件专利的问题落在“Solid-state battery and electronic device”对应的材料工程环节：A solid-state battery that includes: a plurality of solid-state battery elements in which a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and a solid-state electrolyte layer interposed therebetween are stacked; and an interlayer conductive layer sandwiched between the positive or the negative electrode layer of a first solid-state battery element an. 研读重点是结构、组成或制备窗口如何支撑可测性能，而不是只看材料名称。

它的技术方案

公开摘要显示，方案的具体构成是：A solid-state battery that includes: a plurality of solid-state battery elements in which a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and a solid-state electrolyte layer interposed therebetween are stacked; and an interlayer conductive layer sandwiched between the positive or the negative electrode layer of a first solid-state battery element and the positive or the negative electrode layer of a second solid-state battery element of the plurality of solid-state battery elements, wherein the positive or...

给我们的启示

启示是，电池材料布局要从材料名单转向界面、层结构、制造参数和性能测试窗口，尤其要保护那些能解释循环寿命的结构细节。

5. [Translated] A full-spectrum perovskite solar cell

代表专利：CN-114937744-A。申请人/权利人：公开页面未列明。优先权日：2022/06/06；公开日：2022/08/23。

它真正发现的问题

这件专利的问题落在“[Translated] A full-spectrum perovskite solar cell”对应的材料工程环节：[Translated] The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a perovskite solar cell utilizing full spectrum. 研读重点是结构、组成或制备窗口如何支撑可测性能，而不是只看材料名称。

它的技术方案

公开摘要显示，方案的具体构成是：[Translated] The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a perovskite solar cell utilizing full spectrum. The triple prism is arranged above the conductive glass, the compact layer, the electron transmission layer, the perovskite layer and the carbon electrode are sequentially arranged below the conductive glass, sunlight irradiates on the conductive glass after being dispersed by the triple prism, the dispersed sunlight forms photoelectric conversion after passing thro...

给我们的启示

启示是，光伏材料专利要把效率、稳定性、缺陷控制和封装工艺放在一起写，才接近产业壁垒。

6. Method of manufacturing monolithic optical systems

代表专利：US-12265214-B2。申请人/权利人：L LIVERMORE NAT SECURITY LLC (US)。优先权日：2021/12/29；公开日：2025/04/01；授权日：2025/04/01。

它真正发现的问题

这件专利的问题落在“Method of manufacturing monolithic optical systems”对应的材料工程环节：Disclosed are monolithic optical systems using an aerogel molded around a mandrel. 研读重点是结构、组成或制备窗口如何支撑可测性能，而不是只看材料名称。

它的技术方案

公开摘要显示，方案的具体构成是：Disclosed are monolithic optical systems using an aerogel molded around a mandrel. A method of manufacturing an optical system includes applying a reflective coating to at least a portion of a surface of a mandrel, placing the mandrel in a tank and subsequently filling the tank with aerogel to a predetermined depth below a top of the mandrel. The method includes adding a separation layer to the tank on top of the aerogel at the predetermined depth, catalyzing the separation layer into a solid, and adding aerogel o...

给我们的启示

启示是，新材料专利要尽量把结构参数、工艺参数和性能指标绑定，避免只写材料名称而缺少可执行边界。

7. Apparatus and method for preparation of negative electrode material

代表专利：EP-4508382-A1。申请人/权利人：EPSILON ADVANCED MAT PVT LTD (IN)。优先权日：2022/04/13；公开日：2025/02/19。

它真正发现的问题

这件专利的问题落在“Apparatus and method for preparation of negative electrode material”对应的材料工程环节：The present disclosure provides an apparatus (100) and method for preparation of negative electrode material using length-wise graphitization of carbon. 研读重点是结构、组成或制备窗口如何支撑可测性能，而不是只看材料名称。

它的技术方案

公开摘要显示，方案的具体构成是：The present disclosure provides an apparatus (100) and method for preparation of negative electrode material using length-wise graphitization of carbon. The apparatus (100) includes one or more graphite boxes (102), configured to store powdered coke. The one or more graphite boxes (102) are enabled to be accommodated inside a refractory (104), encapsulated by a cooling jacket (110) configured to regulate surface temperature of the apparatus (100). The one or more graphite boxes (102) have one or more openings for ...

给我们的启示

启示是，新材料专利要尽量把结构参数、工艺参数和性能指标绑定，避免只写材料名称而缺少可执行边界。

8. Phase-change electrolyte separator for a solid-state battery

代表专利：WO-2021021597-A1。申请人/权利人：TERAWATT TECH INC (US)。优先权日：2019/07/29；公开日：2021/02/04。

它真正发现的问题

这件专利的问题落在“Phase-change electrolyte separator for a solid-state battery”对应的材料工程环节：Various arrangements of a phase-change electrolyte for a solid state battery (SSB) are presented. 研读重点是结构、组成或制备窗口如何支撑可测性能，而不是只看材料名称。

它的技术方案

公开摘要显示，方案的具体构成是：Various arrangements of a phase-change electrolyte for a solid state battery (SSB) are presented. A phase-change electrolyte separator layer can include a non-reactive scaffold that has open spaces. A lithium liquid may be used that transitions into a lithium gel, the lithium liquid can include a mixture of a polymer additive, a cross-linker additive, a lithium salt; and a solvent. The lithium liquid with the polymer additive and the cross-linker additive can be filled into the open spaces within the non-reactive ...

给我们的启示

启示是，电池材料布局要从材料名单转向界面、层结构、制造参数和性能测试窗口，尤其要保护那些能解释循环寿命的结构细节。

9. [Translated] Preparation method for regulating surface morphology of lead-free perovskite solar cell

代表专利：CN-110299455-B。申请人/权利人：公开页面未列明。优先权日：2019/06/27；公开日：2022/08/02；授权日：2022/08/02。

它真正发现的问题

这件专利的问题落在“[Translated] Preparation method for regulating surface morphology of lead-free perovskite solar cell”对应的材料工程环节：[Translated] The invention discloses a preparation method for regulating and controlling the surface appearance of a lead-free perovskite solar cell, which comprises the following steps of spin-coating PEDOT on ITO glass: and (3) coating a lead-free perovskite precursor solution in a spin coating manner, depositing an electron transport layer and a hole blo. 研读重点是结构、组成或制备窗口如何支撑可测性能，而不是只看材料名称。

它的技术方案

公开摘要显示，方案的具体构成是：[Translated] The invention discloses a preparation method for regulating and controlling the surface appearance of a lead-free perovskite solar cell, which comprises the following steps of spin-coating PEDOT on ITO glass: and (3) coating a lead-free perovskite precursor solution in a spin coating manner, depositing an electron transport layer and a hole blocking layer through thermal evaporation, and depositing a metal electrode of the lead-free perovskite solar cell through thermal evaporation to obtain the lead-...

给我们的启示

启示是，光伏材料专利要把效率、稳定性、缺陷控制和封装工艺放在一起写，才接近产业壁垒。

10. [Translated] Die of membrane-aerogel composite tubular tissue engineering scaffold and preparation method thereof

代表专利：CN-119238837-A。申请人/权利人：SHANGHAI GENERAL HOSPITAL。优先权日：2024/09/06；公开日：2025/01/03。

它真正发现的问题

这件专利的问题落在“[Translated] Die of membrane-aerogel composite tubular tissue engineering scaffold and preparation method thereof”对应的材料工程环节：[Translated] The present invention discloses a mold of a membrane-aerogel composite tubular tissue engineering scaffold and a preparation method thereof, comprising a plurality of racks, a plurality of pillars, a plurality of gaskets, a central core column and a hollow transparent tube, wherein the pillars are used to support the racks; at least one annular. 研读重点是结构、组成或制备窗口如何支撑可测性能，而不是只看材料名称。

它的技术方案

公开摘要显示，方案的具体构成是：[Translated] The present invention discloses a mold of a membrane-aerogel composite tubular tissue engineering scaffold and a preparation method thereof, comprising a plurality of racks, a plurality of pillars, a plurality of gaskets, a central core column and a hollow transparent tube, wherein the pillars are used to support the racks; at least one annular gasket groove is coaxially provided in each layer of the racks for fixing the gaskets; the central core column is fixed by the central core column positioning ...

给我们的启示

启示是，新材料专利要尽量把结构参数、工艺参数和性能指标绑定，避免只写材料名称而缺少可执行边界。

11. Enzymatic circuits for molecular sensors

代表专利：US-12247251-B2。申请人/权利人：ROSWELL BIOTECHNOLOGIES INC (US) Semicon Bio (US)。优先权日：2017/04/25；公开日：2025/03/11；授权日：2025/03/11。

它真正发现的问题

这件专利的问题落在“Enzymatic circuits for molecular sensors”对应的材料工程环节：In various embodiments a molecular circuit is disclosed. The circuit comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, and an enzyme molecule conductively attached to both the positive and negative electrodes to form a circuit having a conduction pathway through the enzyme. In various examples, the enzyme is a po... 研读重点是结构、组成或制备窗口如何支撑可测性能，而不是只看材料名称。

它的技术方案

公开摘要显示，方案的具体构成是：In various embodiments a molecular circuit is disclosed. The circuit comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, and an enzyme molecule conductively attached to both the positive and negative electrodes to form a circuit having a conduction pathway through the enzyme. In various examples, the enzyme is a polymerase. The circuit may further comprise molecular arms used to wire the enzyme to the electrodes. In various embodiments, the circuit functions as a sensor, ...

给我们的启示

启示是，新材料专利要尽量把结构参数、工艺参数和性能指标绑定，避免只写材料名称而缺少可执行边界。

12. Solid-state battery

代表专利：EP-3043411-A4。申请人/权利人：MITSUBISHI GAS CHEMICAL CO (JP) TOHOKU TECHNO ARCH CO LTD (JP)。优先权日：2013/09/02；公开日：2017/05/03。

它真正发现的问题

固态电池的关键问题通常在固体电解质与正负极之间的界面接触、离子传导和机械稳定性。材料本身导电并不等于电池可长期循环。

它的技术方案

该固态电池条目应重点读电极、固体电解质层和界面结构如何组合，是否通过层结构、复合材料或界面层改善接触和离子传输。

给我们的启示

启示是，固态电池布局不能只写“固体电解质”。界面层、压紧结构、复合电极和制造顺序往往更接近可实施壁垒。

13. A cathode active material, method of preparing the same, and lithium secondary battery including the cathode active material

代表专利：KR-102786561-B1。申请人/权利人：公开页面未列明。优先权日：2021/11/16；公开日：2025/03/26；授权日：2025/03/26。

它真正发现的问题

这件专利的问题落在“A cathode active material, method of preparing the same, and lithium secondary battery including the cathode active material”对应的材料工程环节：[Translated] The present invention relates to a lithium transition metal oxide particle represented by the chemical formula 1 described in the present specification; and a cathode active material including a Co concentration gradient region in which the concentration of the Co element decreases from the particle surface toward the particle center, and a lit. 研读重点是结构、组成或制备窗口如何支撑可测性能，而不是只看材料名称。

它的技术方案

公开摘要显示，方案的具体构成是：[Translated] The present invention relates to a lithium transition metal oxide particle represented by the chemical formula 1 described in the present specification; and a cathode active material including a Co concentration gradient region in which the concentration of the Co element decreases from the particle surface toward the particle center, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.

给我们的启示

启示是，电池材料布局要从材料名单转向界面、层结构、制造参数和性能测试窗口，尤其要保护那些能解释循环寿命的结构细节。

14. Apparatus and methods for generating condensed plasmoids

代表专利：US-2025056706-A1。申请人/权利人：GAIA SECURITIES LTD (NZ)。优先权日：2021/11/22；公开日：2025/02/13。

它真正发现的问题

这件专利的问题落在“Apparatus and methods for generating condensed plasmoids”对应的材料工程环节：Apparatus (1) for generating condensed plasmoids. The apparatus (1) includes a reactor (4) with a chamber (15) for containing a reactant gas. A cathode (17) and an anode (18) extend into the chamber (15) with an interelectrode gap formed between the electrodes (17,18). The electrodes (17, 18) are connectable to an electrical circuit (13) having a power supp... 研读重点是结构、组成或制备窗口如何支撑可测性能，而不是只看材料名称。

它的技术方案

公开摘要显示，方案的具体构成是：Apparatus (1) for generating condensed plasmoids. The apparatus (1) includes a reactor (4) with a chamber (15) for containing a reactant gas. A cathode (17) and an anode (18) extend into the chamber (15) with an interelectrode gap formed between the electrodes (17,18). The electrodes (17, 18) are connectable to an electrical circuit (13) having a power supply (12) for applying an electric potential difference between the electrodes (17, 18) to form a plasma of the reactant gas in the interelectrode gap (19). An in...

给我们的启示

启示是，电池材料布局要从材料名单转向界面、层结构、制造参数和性能测试窗口，尤其要保护那些能解释循环寿命的结构细节。

15. Impact absorbing composite material

代表专利：US-12295430-B1。申请人/权利人：ADELSON JEREMY (US)。优先权日：2023/11/12；公开日：2025/05/13；授权日：2025/05/13。

它真正发现的问题

这件专利的问题落在“Impact absorbing composite material”对应的材料工程环节：A composite material for absorbing forces applied to a face of the material comprises a first plurality of shaped solids having a substantially polygonal cross-section with a number of sides (X); a second plurality of shaped solids having a base and a top, wherein the base has a substantially polygonal cross-section with X number of sides and the top has a . 研读重点是结构、组成或制备窗口如何支撑可测性能，而不是只看材料名称。

它的技术方案

公开摘要显示，方案的具体构成是：A composite material for absorbing forces applied to a face of the material comprises a first plurality of shaped solids having a substantially polygonal cross-section with a number of sides (X); a second plurality of shaped solids having a base and a top, wherein the base has a substantially polygonal cross-section with X number of sides and the top has a substantially polygonal cross-section with X number of sides that is larger than the polygonal cross-section of the base and is rotated X/180 degrees about an a...

给我们的启示

启示是，新材料专利要尽量把结构参数、工艺参数和性能指标绑定，避免只写材料名称而缺少可执行边界。

16. Cathode active material for all-solid-state battery comprising coating layer including ternary oxide and method of manufacturing same

代表专利：US-2025038199-A1。申请人/权利人：HYUNDAI MOTOR CO LTD (KR) KIA CORP (KR) ULSAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECH (KR)。优先权日：2020/09/01；公开日：2025/01/30。

它真正发现的问题

这件专利的问题落在“Cathode active material for all-solid-state battery comprising coating layer including ternary oxide and method of manufacturing same”对应的材料工程环节：A cathode active material for an all-solid-state battery includes: active material particles; and a coating layer covering at least a portion of the surface of the active material particles, wherein the coating layer includes lithium (Li), niobium (Nb), and at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium (V), zirconium (Zr) and combinati. 研读重点是结构、组成或制备窗口如何支撑可测性能，而不是只看材料名称。

它的技术方案

公开摘要显示，方案的具体构成是：A cathode active material for an all-solid-state battery includes: active material particles; and a coating layer covering at least a portion of the surface of the active material particles, wherein the coating layer includes lithium (Li), niobium (Nb), and at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium (V), zirconium (Zr) and combinations thereof.

给我们的启示

启示是，电池材料布局要从材料名单转向界面、层结构、制造参数和性能测试窗口，尤其要保护那些能解释循环寿命的结构细节。

本期结论

这些新材料专利共同说明，材料创新必须落到结构和参数：界面、涂层、孔结构、隔膜、电解质、封装和制造窗口才是后续FTO和布局的关键。

资料来源 / Sources

本期依据 PubChem patent JSON、Google Patents 公开页面和原公开链接研读整理。正式FTO或授权稳定性判断仍需进一步核对官方登记簿、审查历史、同族和权利要求全文。